Boucek, Z. (Zdenek)

Person Info

Boucek, Z. (Zdenek)

Alias(es)
Boucek, Z.; Boucek, Z. R. J. (Zdenek R. J.)
Address
Telephone
Fax
Email
Web Site
Publications
123
Records Collected
112
# of Collecting Events
35
Citation Publication Year PDF File
Boucek Z. 1949; Lasiochalcidia differens n. sp. (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae). Acta Societatis Entomologicae Cechoslovenicae. 46:143-148 1949
Boucek Z. 1952; Steffanisca rubrocincta n.g., n.sp., and notes of some other species (Chalcididae, Hym.). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 27:201-205 1952
Boucek Z. 1952; The first revision of the European species of the family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 27(sup.1):1-108 1952
Boucek Z. 1952; Results of the Zoological Scientific Expedition of the National Museum in Praha to Turkey. 7. Hymenoptera I Chalcidoidea (first part). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 27:47-57 1952
Boucek Z. 1952; A new pest of cumin, Systole albipennis Walk. (Eurytomidae, Chalc., Hym.). Folia Zoologica Entomologica. 1:4-9 1952
Boucek Z. 1953; The "group Cea" of the chalcidoid family Pteromalidae. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 28:157-164 1953
Boucek Z. 1954; Chalcidologicke poznamky I, Pteromalidae, Torymidae, Eurytomidae, Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 29:49-80 1954
Boucek Z. 1954; Chalcidologicke poznamky I, Torymidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea). Acta Societatis Entomologicae Cechoslovenicae. 51:55-69 1954
Boucek Z. 1955; Hymenopterous parasites of Pityophthorus polonicus Karp. Rocznik Nauk Lesnych, Warszawa. 11:83-92 1955
Boucek Z. 1956; A contribution to the biology of Eucharis adscendens (F.) (Hymenoptera). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae. 20:97-99 1956
Boucek Z. 1956; Chalcidologicke poznamky III, Torymidae, Pteromalidae, Perilampidae a Eucharitidae. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 30:305-330 1956
Boucek Z. 1956; A contribution to the knowledge of the Chalcididae, Leucospidae and Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of the Near East. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel. 5B:227-259 1956
Boucek Z. 1956; Notes on Czechoslovak Perilampidae (Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea). Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 1:83-98 1956
Boucek Z. 1957; Ueber einige forstwirtschaftlich wichtige Pteromaliden aus der Tschechoslowakei. Sbornik Faunistickych Praci Entomologisckeho Oddeleni Narodniho Musea v Praze. 2:75-81 1957
Boucek Z. 1957; Chalcidoidea. Klic zvireny CSR. 2:204-288 1957
Boucek Z. 1957; Chalcidological notes IV, Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Časopis Československé Společnosti Entomologické. 53:155-165 1957
Boucek Z. 1957; Tetrastichus xanthomelanae (Rond.) soll T. galerucae (Fonsc.) heissen (Hym., Chalc.). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 31:177-181 1957
Boucek Z. 1957; A new genus of the Trigonoderus-group of the hymenopterous family Pteromalidae. Časopis Československé Společnosti Entomologické. 54:157-161 1957
Boucek Z. 1958; Revision der europaeischen Tetracampidae (Hym. Chalcidoidea) mit einem Katalog der Arten der Welt. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 32:41-90 1958
Boucek Z. 1958; Zur Taxonomie der entomophagen Insekten, besonders der Hymenopteren in Europa. Trans. I. Int. Conf. Insect Pathology and Biol. Control, Prague. 1958:349- 1958
Boucek Z. 1958; Eine Cleonyminen-Studie; Bestimmungstabelle der Gattungen mit Beschreibungen und Notizen, eingeschlossen einige Eupelmidae (Hym. Chalcidoidea). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 32:353-386 1958
Boucek Z. 1958; To the taxonomy of the European species of Schizonotus and Caenocrepis - parasites of economic importance with notes, and some synonymy in Pteromalidae and Eurytomidae (Hym.). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 32:395-404 1958
Boucek Z. 1958; On Chalcedectus sinaiticus (Masi) from the Near East, and Ch. guaraniticus (Strand), from Paraguay and new synonymy (Hym. Chalcidoidea). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 33:483-486 1958
Boucek Z. 1958; A revised key to the west-Palaearctic species of Leucospis (Hym. Chalc.), with some new synonymy. Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 33:435-444 1958
Boucek Z. 1958; A study of central European Eulophidae, II: Diaulinopsis and Cirrospilus (Hymenoptera). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 33:171-194 1958
Boucek Z. 1958; A study of central European Eulophidae, I: Eulophinae (Hymenoptera). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 33:117-170 1958
Boucek Z. 1958; Trichomalus lonchaeae, n.sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), a parasite of Lonchaeidae (Diptera) in Germany. Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 33:37-40 1958
Boucek Z. 1958; Descriptions of new Tropimeris and a new Tanycoryphus (Chalcididae, Hym.). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 32:481-486 1958
Boucek Z. 1958; Platytorymus amygdali, n.sp., eine neue Torymidae aus Mandelkernen des Nahen Ostens. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 32:583-586 1958
Boucek Z. 1961; Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Pteromaliden-fauna von Mitteleuropa, mit Beschreibungen neuer Arten und Gattungen (Hymenoptera). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 34:55-95 1961
Boucek Z. 1961; A new Dirhinus-parasite of conopids in adult bumble-bees (Hym., Pteromalidae). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 34:445-449 1961
Boucek Z. 1961; A new species of Notanisus Walk. From Georgia, USSR (Hym. Pteromalidae). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 34:471-474 1961
Boucek Z. 1961; Redescription of Sphaenolepis pygmaea Nees (Hym., Eulophidae, Tetrastichinae) - a species not refound since 1812. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 34:475-479 1961
Boucek Z. 1961; Notes on the chalcid fauna (Chalcidoidea) of Moldavian SSR. Trudy Moldavskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta Sadovodstva, Vinogradarstva i Vinodeliya. 7:5-30 1961
Boucek Z. 1962; A new Stenomesius (Hym., Eulophidae) reared from Ceramidia viridis in Ecuador. Entomophaga. 7:189-192 1962
Boucek Z. 1963; Studien ueber europaische Eulophidae, III: Euderinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Beiträge zur Entomologie. 13:257-281 1963
Boucek Z. 1963; A new Eupelmus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), egg-parasite of the cicada Tibicen haematodes. Acta Societatis Entomologicae Cechoslovenicae. 60:277-279 1963
Boucek Z. 1963; A taxonomic study in Spalangia Latr. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 35:429-512 1963
Boucek Z., Graham M. W. R. de V., Kerrich G. J. 1963; A revision of the European species of the genus Mestocharis Foerster (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae). The Entomologist. 96:4-9 1963
Boucek Z. 1964; Proctotrupoidea und Chalcidoidea aus den Resten der Ratzeburg-Sammlung. Beiträge zur Entomologie. 14:663-673 1964
Boucek Z. 1964; Die europaeischen Arten der Gattung Callitula Spinola (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Entomophaga. 9:9-15 1964
Boucek Z. 1964; On three little known genera of Pteromalidae with descriptions of three new European species (Hymenoptera). Časopis Československé Společnosti Entomologické. 61:253-264 1964
Boucek Z. 1965; Description of a new pteromalid genus with two species from Algeria and Czechoslovakia (Hym., Chalc.). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 36:373-376 1965
Boucek Z. 1965; Description of Nikolskayana mirabilis n.g. n.sp., a new bark-beetle parasite from Soviet Central Asia (Hym., Pteromalidae). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 36:377-381 1965
Boucek Z. 1965; A new Platynocheilus from Soviet Uzbekistan (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 36:501-503 1965
Boucek Z. 1965; Synonymic and taxonomic notes on some Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) , with corrections of my own mistakes. Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 36:543-554 1965
Boucek Z. 1965; Descriptions of new species of Spalangia Latr. (Hym., Chalc.) from Africa and South America, with notes on some known species. Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 36:593-602 1965
Boucek Z. 1965; Some interesting records of chalcid flies from Great Britain, with description of Bugacia classeyi n.sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Entomologist's Gazette. 16:83-86 1965
Boucek Z. 1965; A review of the chalcidoid fauna of the Moldavian SSR, with descriptions of new species (Hymenoptera). Sbornik Faunistickych Praci Entomologisckeho Oddeleni Narodniho Musea v Praze. 11:5-37 1965
Boucek Z. 1965; Studies of European Eulophidae, IV: Pediobius and two allied genera (Hymenoptera). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 36:5-90 1965
Boucek Z. 1966; Die europaeischen Arten der Gattung Anogmus Foerst. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Parasiten von Insekten in Nadelholzzapfen. Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde. 39(4):52-57 1966
Boucek Z. 1966; Descriptions of three new reared Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) from Europe and Africa. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca. 63:373-379 1966
Boucek Z. 1966; [Material from the chalcid fauna (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of the Moldavian SSR. 2.]. Trudy Moldavskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta Sadovodstva, Vinogradarstva i Vinodeliya. 13:15-38 1966
Boucek Z. 1967; Revision of species of Eusandalum Ratz. (Hym., Eupelmidae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca. 64:261-293 1967
Boucek Z. 1967; New reared Palaearctic Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Národniho Musea v Praze. 37:635-647 1967
Boucek Z., Andriescu I. 1967; Notizen ueber die Gattung Calymmochilus Masi, mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art aus Suedeuropa (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 37:233-238 1967
Boucek Z. 1968; Contributions to the Czechoslovak fauna of Chalcidoidea (Hym.). Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 12:231-260 1968
Boucek Z. 1969; On some new or otherwise interesting Torymidae, Ormyridae, Eurytomidae and Pteromalidae (Hym.) mainly from the Mediterranean subregion. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria "Filippo Silvestri" Portici. 27:27-54 1969
Boucek Z. 1970; Contribution to the knowledge of Italian Chalcidoidea based mainly on a study at the Institute of Entomology in Turin, with descriptions of some new European species (Hymenoptera). Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana. 49:35-102 1970
Boucek Z. 1970; On some British Megastigmus (Hym. Torymidae), with a revised key to the west European species. Entomologist's Gazette. 21:265-275 1970
Boucek Z. 1971; A new black Perilampus from Europe (Hym., Perilampidae). The Entomologist. 104:52-55 1971
Boucek Z. 1971; Descriptive and taxonomic notes on ten mainly new, species of west Palaearctic Eulophidae (Hymenoptera). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 38:525-543 1971
Boucek Z. 1971; The description of one, and re-description of another, interesting species of European Pteromalidae (Hym.) associated with conifers. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne. 41:305-311 1971
Boucek Z. 1971; A new species of Megastigmus (Hym., Torymidae) on rose seeds from central Europe. Entomologist's Gazette. 22:43-46 1971
Boucek Z. 1972; Descriptions of new eulophid parasites (Hym., Chalcidoidea) from Africa and the Canary Islands. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 62:199-205 1972
Boucek Z. 1972; On European Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera): a revision of Cleonymus, Eunotus and Spaniopus, with descriptions of new genera and species. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. 27(5):265-315 1972
Boucek Z. 1972; A new genus and species of Pteromalidae (Hym.) parasitic on sphecids in South America. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft. 45:113-116 1972
Boucek Z. 1972; On some European Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) with the description of a new Euchalcis Dufour. Entomologist's Gazette. 23:237-242 1972
Boucek Z. 1972; Mediterranean Perilampidae: Euperilampus and genera allied to Chrysomalla (Hym., Chalcidoidea). Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft. 61:90-107 1972
Boucek Z., Graham M. W. R. de V. 1972; The identity of the type-species of Gonatocerus Nees (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Entomology. (B)41:125-130 1972
Boucek Z. 1973; An interesting new genus of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) with an evaniiform gaster. Oriental Insects. 7:557-561 1973
Boucek Z. 1973; Leucospis gigas Fabricius (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Leucospidae) proposed to be placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology. Z.N.(S.) 2038. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 30:124-125 1973
Boucek Z. 1974; A revision of the Leucospidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the world. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Supplement. 23:1-241 1974
Boucek Z. 1974; On some European Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) with description sof three new species. Acta Entomologica Jugoslavica. 10:117-123 1974
Boucek Z. 1974; The pteromalid subfamily Eutrichosomatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of Entomology. (B)43:129-138 1974
Boucek Z. 1974; A new genus and three new species of European Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica. 27:21-28 1974
Boucek Z. 1974; Description of a new Leucospis (Hymenoptera: Leucospidae) from Bolivia. Studia Entomologica. 17:430-432 1974
Boucek Z. 1974; On some Chalcididae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera), with descriptions of new genera and species from Africa and one species from Asia. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa. 37:327-343 1974
Boucek Z. 1974; On the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) described by C. Rondani. Redia. 55:241-283 1974
Boucek Z. 1976; The African and Asiatic species of Trichospilus and Cotterellia (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research. 65:669-681 1976
Boucek Z. 1976; Changes in the classification of some African Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa. 39:345-355 1976
Boucek Z. 1976; On the Mediterranean Podagrioninae, with description of a new Iridophagoides (Hym., Torymidae). Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam). 36:182-184 1976
Boucek Z. 1976; African Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera): new taxa, synonymies and combinations. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa. 39:9-31 1976
Boucek Z. 1977; Descriptions of two new species of Neotropical Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) of economic interest, with taxonomic notes on related species and genera. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 67:1-15 1977
Boucek Z. 1977; Descriptions of Taxhinobia gen. n. and three new species of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a tentative key to genera. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 67:17-30 1977
Boucek Z. 1977; Taxonomic studies on some Eulophidae (Hym.) of economic interest mainly from Africa. Entomophaga. 21:401-414 1977
Boucek Z. 1977; A faunistic review of the Yugoslavian Chalcidoidea (Parasitic Hymenoptera). Acta Entomologica Jugoslavica (Supplement). 13:1-145 1977
Boucek Z. 1977; On Hofferencyrtus (gen. nov.), Mira, Lyka and some other European Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera). Journal of Natural History. 11:137-154 1977
Boucek Z. 1978; A new parasitic eulophid (Hym., Chalcidoidea) associated with Nothofagus in New Zealand. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique Suisse. 51:115-118 1978
Boucek Z. 1978; A generic key to Perilampinae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with a revision of Krombeinius n. gen. and Euperilampus Walker. Entomologica Scandinavica. 9:299-307 1978
Boucek Z. 1978; A study of non-podagrionine Torymidae with enlarged hind femora, with a key to the African genera (Hymenoptera). Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa. 41:91-134 1978
Boucek Z., Graham M. W. R. de V. 1978; British check-list of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): taxonomic notes and additions. Entomologist's Gazette. 29:225-235 1978
Boucek Z. 1979; Oricoruna nad Manineura, new pteromalid genera (Hymenoptera) from the Oriental region. Oriental Insects. 12:469-472 1979
Boucek Z. 1979; Description of a new eupelmid parasite (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of cockroaches in India. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 69:93-96 1979
Boucek Z. 1980; A revision of the genus Monacon Waterston (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampinae), parasites of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Platypodidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research. 70:73-96 1980
Boucek Z. 1981; A biological solution to the identity of a Linnaean chalcid wasp (Hymenoptera). Entomologist's Gazette. 32:18-20 1981
Boucek Z. 1982; Description of a new Hockeria (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), a parasite of a lepidopterous gall-causer on Tamarix. Israel Journal of Entomology. 16:49-51 1982
Boucek Z. 1982; Oriental chalcid wasps of the genus Epitranus. Journal of Natural History. 16:577-622 1982
Boucek Z. 1982; Four new Mediterranean Torymidae (Hymenoptera). Entomologist's Gazette. 33:183-191 1982
Boucek Z. 1983; Perilampidae (Hymenoptera) of Mongolia, from Dr. Z. Kaszab's expeditions. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 29:107-121 1983
Boucek Z. 1983; On Buresium, Masneroma (n. gen.) and some other Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica. 14:186-194 1983
Boucek Z. 1984; On Schwarzella, Invreia and some other Hybothoracini (Hym.: Chalcididae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria "Filippo Silvestri" Portici. 41:53-64 1984
Boucek Z. 1984; A new eulophid genus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with exodont mandibles. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria "Filippo Silvestri" Portici. 41:65-70 1984
Boucek Z., Brough E. J. 1985; Bruchophagus muli sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a wasp which galls the fruit of lime in Papua New Guinea. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 75:347-351 1985
Boucek Z. 1986; Taxonomic study of chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera) associated with gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on mango trees. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 76:393-407 1986
Schauff M. E., Boucek Z. 1987; Alachua floridensis, a new genus and species of Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitic on the Florida carpenter ant, Camponotus abdominalis (Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 89:660-664 1987
Boucek Z. 1988; Tamarixia leucaenae sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitic on the leucaena psyllid Heteropsylla cubana Crawford (Hemiptera) in Trinidad. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 78:545-547 1988
Boucek Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. Wallingford, Oxon, U.K.: CAB International; 1988
Boucek Z. 1989; Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): errors and omissions. Entomologists Monthly Magazine. 125:85-86 1989
Boucek Z. 1990; Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): further errors and omissions. Entomologists Monthly Magazine. 126:87-88 1990
Boucek Z., Bhuiya B. A. 1990; A new genus and species of Pteromalidae (Hym.) attacking mealybugs and soft scales (Hom., Coccoidea) on guava in Bangladesh. Entomologists Monthly Magazine. 126:231-236 1990
Boucek Z. 1991; The identity of Dynatogmus Mayr (Hym., Agaonidae, Sycophaginae). Entomologists Monthly Magazine. 127:190- 1991
Boucek Z. 1991; Four new genera of European Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera), with some taxonomic changes. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e Bachicoltura. (2)22(2):195-206 1991
Boucek Z. 1992; A correction to a recent publication (Hym., Pteromalidae). Entomologists Monthly Magazine. 128:32- 1992
Boucek Z. 1992; The New World genera of Chalcididae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 53:49-118 1992
Boucek Z., Delvare G. 1992; The identities of species described or classified under Chalcis by J. C. Fabricius. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 53:11-48 1992
Heydon S. L., Boucek Z. 1992; Taxonomic changes in Nearctic Pteromalidae, with the description of some new taxa (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 94:471-489 1992
Boucek Z. 1993; The genera of chalcidoid wasps from Ficus fruit in the New World. Journal of Natural History. 27:173-217 1993
Boucek Z. 1993; New taxa of North American Pteromalidae and Tetracampidae (Hymenoptera), with notes. Journal of Natural History. 27:1239-1313 1993
Boucek Z. 1994; Descriptions of ten new species of European Torymus (Hymenoptera, Torymidae). Folia Heyrovskyana. 2:69-87 1994
Boucek Z. 1994; Synonymic and taxonomic notes on some European Eulophidae and Torymidae. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. 96B:115-120 1994
Boucek Z. 1995; Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia. 93:273-298 1995
Boucek Z. 1996; Two new Palaearctic species of Torymus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) from central Europe and Kirghizia. Folia Heyrovskyana. 4:43-48 1996